| banking crisis |
resolution cost being 5 GDP percent or more |
much FSA study of classic Nordic Two cf Finland, Sweden, sakinobashi |
| Private Banking |
puraibeto bankingu |
being guided by NTA into the on shore retail version only cf tax policy, mainanba |
| Allfinanz |
universal banking |
post War German banking model adopted by Japan as was in the mid 1980s |
| bancassurance |
banking + assurance |
Continental European pattern of universal banking Allfinanz cf Allfinanz |
| Finland |
classic banking crisis of early 1990s |
crystallised NPLs 15 GDP percent and 20 loan book percent cf Sweden |
| keito |
tiered banking system |
from 19th cent German co-operative ideas cf Raiffeisen, Schulze-Delitzsch |
| Sweden |
classic banking crisis of early 1990s |
crystallised NPLs 10 GDP percent and 20 loan book percent cf Finland |
| Aozora Bank |
blue skies bank previously Nippon Credit Bank NCB |
improbable banking name via Bank of Korea, Nippon Fudosan Bank and NCB |
| Bank of Tokyo |
successor bank to Yokohama Specie Bank |
swept up into the now megabank MUFG as the banking arm BTMU |
| chigin |
First and Second Regional Banks |
kanji abbreviation for second banking tier of regional system members |
| chiginkyo |
First Regional Banks Association |
works actively to restrict megabank encroachment on regional banking |
| gaikadate |
foreign currency denominated |
often problem holding with forex risk, forex settlement and banking complications |
| HNWIs |
High Net Worth Individuals |
slightly objectionable acronym for private banking target market individuals |
| JETRO |
Japan External Trade Organisation |
overseas cover for NTA once used to study private banking in Zurich/New York |
| kyusai gappei |
rescue merger |
a notably long and established history in regional banking for floundering banks |
| Mitsui founder |
Takatoshi Mitsui 1622 - 1694 |
revolutionised Edo Period retailing and entered into banking and finance |
| Norinchukin |
Raiffeisen style tiered keito umbrella bank |
tiered banking levels cf Shinnoren, Nokyo, JA, keito |
| overbanked |
excessive number of banks |
MoF post War protection of banking industry consequence cf gososendan |
| overloan |
lending exceeding funding obaron |
banking practice in the extreme form of virtually nil funding in Manchuria I Plan |
| shingyoren |
Fishery Co-operative Credit Federation |
intermediate umbrella body for a minor keito banking system marginal |
| shinnoren |
Agricultural Co-operative Credit Federation |
intermediate umbrella body for important nokyo keito banking system |
| Sparkassen |
saving banks |
a German model for keito banking systems cf Raiffeisen, Schulze-Delitzsch |
| yoko narabi |
lining up by the right all the same terms |
with prior banking protected all players offered the identical terms cf gososendan |
